2004 高中英语案例分析

高中英语案例分析

    ----------- 如何引导学生自主学习

                                                            李君君

在英语课程的改革中，方方面面都在提倡自主、合作与探究的学习方式，让学生成为学习的主人，使学生的主体意识、能动性和创造性不断得到发展。因此，培养学生自主、合作与探究的学习方式，是新课程改革中一个迫切的任务。

有位英语教师在讲授“Food and Drink”一课时，做过这么一个实验：在她所执教的两个平行班中，采用了不同的教法。一个班，她采取了惯用的讲授法。课堂上，她从单词的拼写、含义到用法；从词组到句型，从句型又到句法，一一进行详细讲解。一节课下来，老师口干舌燥，非常疲劳；学生们紧追急赶，气喘吁吁。整整一节课的内容在学生的脑海里留下的印象却很少；对于那些乏味枯燥的语法条框，学生更是如坠云雾之中。对另一个班，她则是给学生提前布置了任务，让学生充分利用身边的资源去收集有关Food and Drink 方面的资料。学生们非常积极，去图书馆查资料，上网搜索相关信息，向有关人士打听、求教-----课堂上，学生们踊跃发言，不仅用英语把课本上的内容表达出来，还补充了不少知识，甚至还有不少同学谈到了东、西方不同的饮食文化，肯德基、麦当劳为什么会风行中国等。一节课下来，老师感觉轻松，学生心情舒畅。学生在轻松愉悦的氛围中学到了很多东西，并且所学的知识在头脑中留下了很深的印象。

这个实验正说明了一个道理：传统的学习方式把学习建立在人的客观性、受动性和依赖性的基础之上，而新课程改革中的学生自主学习激起了学生的积极性，达到了课堂上很好的效果。

那么，何为自主学习？我国学者庞维国认为，如果学生在学习活动之前自己能够确定学习目标、制定学习计划、做好具体的学习准备，在学习活动中能够对学习进展及学习方法做出自我监控、自我反馈和自我调节，在学习活动后能够对学习结果进行自我检查、自我总结、自我评价和自我补救，那么他（她）的学习就是自主的。他还将“自主学习”概括为：建立在自我意识发展基础上的“能学”；建立在学生具有内在学习动机基础上的“想学”；建立在学生掌握了一定的学习策略基础上的“会学”；建立在意志努力基础上的“坚持学”。

教师培养学生自主性的做法可以是：1）给学生一个空间，让他们自己往前走。2）给学生一个条件，让他们自己去锻炼。3）给学生一个时间，让他们自己去安排。4） 给学生一个问题，让他们自己去找答案。5）给学生一个机遇，让他们自己去抓住。6）给学生一个冲突，让他们自己去讨论。7）给学生一个权力，让他们自己去选择。8）给学生一个题目，让他们自己去创造。

引导学生积极地自主学习和交流是每节英语课的灵魂。自主学习不等于放任自流，要让学生真正实现自主学习，教师就要为学生创造独立自主学习的条件。首先要提供学习的语言材料，并帮助学生驾驭这些材料；其次要给学生提出应该完成的交际任务，帮助不同类型的学生制定实施任务的计划。这一切都需要教师设计出能够使用所学语言材料的情境、实施活动的组织形式和呈现任务结果的方式。[案例]

             “ The Olympic Games ” 一课的教学

Analysis of the text :

This text gives a brief summary of the history of the Olympic Games and its development over the years. The first part of the text explains how the Olympic Games have changed over the years and gives examples of how China and Beijing are preparing for the 2008 Olympic Games.

Teaching aims:

1.       Get the students to have a further knowledge of the Olympics, including the history and spirit and ensure the students to love sports.

2.       Further develop the students’ ability of generalization

3.       Learn some new words about sports and develop the students’ ability of speaking, reading and thinking.

4.       Improve the students’ teamwork

为了培养他们的自主学习，为了在课堂上他们有更多的内容可说，为了更好落实这节课的教学目标，我布置了以下两个作业。

1． Try to find out the history and development of the Olympic Games.

2． Who is your favourite athlete? Which game does he compete in?

Teaching procedure:

Step1. Lead in

 Let’s enjoy a song first because music can cheer us up ,besides music is like a bridge which can bring people together.

T: 1) Have you heard of the song?    2) What’s the title of the song?

  3) When did people sing this song for the first time?

S1: It’s the theme song of the 24^th Olympic Games named Hand in Hand.

S2: We heard it sung in Soul (汉城)in 1988.

T: What does Hand in Hand mean?

S: Friendship.

T: When we hear the song, we will think of the Olympic Games. When we talk about The Olympic Games , we will think of the flag. Who can draw the flag ? What’s it like?

S: The five rings join together.

T: What are the colors of the five rings?  What do the colours stand for?

S: blue---Europe; yellow---Asia; black--- Africa; red---America; green---Australia.

T: Yes, they are one of the colours of any national flag. It means people from the five continents come to meet and compete in friendship and good will. It stands for peace and friendship among people from all over the world.

T: what do we call the people who take part in / join in the games?

S: Athlete.

T: Yeah, the people who are good at sports and take part in the games are called athletes.

   Who is your favourite athlete?

S: Jordon.

T: Which game does he compete in?

S: Basketball.

T: “ compete in” means to try to win in a competition with someone else and the players who compete in the games are called competitors. (Show two pictures of Wang Nan.)

 Which game does she compete in? Which prize did she win?

 1^st prize---gold medal     2^nd prize---silver medal    3^rd ----bronze medal

S: She won gold medal in table tennis.

T: You have done very well. Today we will learn more about the Olympic Games.

反思：这一环节要考核他们是否有自主学习新单词的习惯。从他们回答的问题来看，他们自主学习的效果还是不错的。这一课的单词多又难，学生能对答如流，说明平时培养他们自主学习的习惯有了一定的成效。

Step2: Fast reading

 Read the text fast in 2 minutes and find out the main idea of each paragraph. Then ask the students how many parts the text can be divided into and get the main idea of each part.

Part1: Brief introduction of the Olympic Games.

Part2: The history and development of the Olympic Games.

Part3: To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize.

Step 3: careful reading

Part1: 1) How often are the Olympic Games held?

2) Are the Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics held in the same year?

3) Fill in the form and tell me something about the Summer Olympic Games.

4) In 2002 the Olympic Games were held in Salt Lake in America. Was it the Winter Olympics or Summer Olympics?

5) When will the next Winter Olympics be held?

Part2: Read paragraph2-3 carefully and fill in the table.

How many Olympic Games are talked about in these paragraphs?

 Time----When were they held?

 Place---Where were they held?

 Competitors---Who/ how many took part in them?

 Sports----What were the games they competed in?

Questions: 1) Why were women not allowed to take part in the old Olympic Games?

          2) What were the unusual sports in the 25^th Olympic Games?

          3) What does “unusual” mean?

          4) There are more and more different sports in the Olympics, and in 2008, what are the unusual games?     (Wushu)

          5) In Barcelona Olympics, there were 8000 competitors from 150 countries.

            What about in Sydney Olympics?  (15,000 competitors from 200 countries)

I am sure in 2008, more competitors from more countries will come to Beijing. Do you think the Olympics are developing very fast? By the way, What is the motto of the Olympics?

S: Swifter, Higher, Stronger

T: What does it mean?

S: Try to run faster, jump higher and throw further.

T: Yes, they do their best to win the medals. This just reflects the Olympic spirit. But remember: The most important thing is to take part in the games. Friendship comes first, competition the second. Fight hard, but fight fair. If the competitors have done their best, it doesn’t matter to win or to fail in the games.

T: Who was the star in the 1984 Olympic Games which were held in Los Angeles?

   In Barcelona, who got more medals for the Chinese team, men or women?

S: Women----12   men---4   (But they had tried their best. )

Part 3: In the Olympic Games, the greatest competition is for a medal. But there is another competition between countries. Read the last paragraph to find out what it is.

S: To hold the Olympics.

T: Why is it a rich prize for a country to hold the Olympics? As we know, Beijing has tried its best to bid for the right to hold the Olympics and now it has succeeded. How did the people feel?

教学反思：

这一环节扩展的内容较多，如若老师没有引导学生主动探究，自主学习，事先准备素材 。那么，一堂课的容量就不可能这么大，参与活动的学生达不到这么多人次，学生在课堂活动中的主体作用得不到充分的体现。本环节80%左右的时间是学生活动。小组学习的形式，又增强了学生的合作意识。从学生表演中，我看到了他们成功后的喜悦，这种成功，又促进了学生学习兴趣的培养。

Step4: Discussion

   In 2008, Beijing will hold the Olympics.

   What kind of Olympics will they be?

   What will you do for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing?

   What will the 2008 Olympic Games bring to us?

Discussion in three groups, each group with one topic, each group has a reporter.

S1: New Beijing, great Olympics, green Olympics.

S2: Learn English well. I will go to Beijing to be a guide.

S3: The Olympics will benefit our country. Our country will be stronger in the world.

Step5: Homework

1.       Take a look at http:// www. Beijing-2008. org on the internet to have a further study of the Olympic Games.

2.       Write a short passage to introduce the sports meet in our school.

反思：这节课，学生思维的广度、密度大，有利于形成良好的学习方法和习惯。一学期来，我坚持培养学生自主学习，相信学生的学习能力，终于，我尝到了一点甜头。但我也发现了一些问题。比如，如何管理课堂，做到“放”而有“度”，“活”而不“乱”。如何照顾学生的个别差异。如何利用小组群体力量，使那些对学习英语兴趣不浓的学生也自始至终积极地参与课堂活动。其中如何将课堂设计成既符合外语学习理论，又符合学生身心发展特点，又能体现学生知识能力水平的活动是我感到最困难的。